Introduction to Routing and Switching Essay

1. Introduction electronic computer cyberspaceA computer vane is a setup which comprises of ternary computers and devices to require connection in order to plump for the discourse of tout ensemble such devices. This facilitates sharing of data and resources to all the users present in the interlock. The avocation argon the main purposes that the net profit provides to its users Communication- meshings allow free flow of communication among all the users. These acknowledge chat, messages, emails, conferences, etc.tera sharing of Resources Resources nominate be parcel outd among all the users within a net profit. These allow ino Hardw be The different computers in a network can to a fault substantiate use of a single ironware attached to the network. Consider the example of a shared printer attached to triune devices in the network like in case of a university or mooring environment.o Software- Network in like manner allows users to share software applicat ion programs through their computerso Files and other selective information Files and selective information can be shared among systems in a network environment through classic access. This helps members to work and submit tasks on the selfsame(prenominal) domain and within deadlines, thus manner of speaking from hassles.2. The Open Systems Interconnection OSI ModelThe computer hardware components of the network sound at the horizontal surfaces of the OSI simulation which are briefly discussed below bodily bottomThis is concerned with the functions that carry a stream of bits over a somatic medium at the mechanical and electrical level. Hubs and Repeaters operate at the corporal bed of the OSI model.Data bear on floorThis work categorizes data from network point (upper layer) into frames and handles errors of the physical layer to provide to the network layer. The link operate at the Data link layer of the OSI Model.Network workThe voice communication of the packet is the responsibility of the network layer which can include multiple links. Network layer can be utilize in cases of multiple networks where there are some links between the networks. Routers operate at the Network layer of the OSI model. stock LayerThe transport layer is in like manner responsible for delivery of packets but it besides recognizes relationship between messages. This is done in proper order and the layer also ensures control of error and flow at the source as well as the culture.Session LayerThis layer controls negotiation and synchronizes interaction within the network.Presentation LayerThis layer is also one of the approximately classical layers as it is looks into the syntax and semantics of the data being transferred within the network.Application LayerThis layer involves interfaces and other supporting frames for the user to access the network.3. Hardware Components within a NetworkThe following re the raw material hardware components within a network to interconnect devices (Sosinsky 33)3.1 Network Interface card game (NICs)These are the components used to connect to another(prenominal) networking medium. The NIC has a unique identification lean known as Media Access assert address (MAC address) that is provided by the manufacturer.3.2 RepeatersRepeater is a device used to transmit signals after cleaning them by regenerating the true bit pattern.3.3 HubsHub connects multiple devices in the network so that they appear as a single device, therefore, it has multiple ports.3.4 BridgesThese are also hardware components that connect multiple segments of the network.4. Network Hardware Components Routers and SwitchesRouters and switches are important components of the computer network that support the to a higher place mentioned purpose of a network. These are discussed in details as under4.1 RoutersRouter is a software or device that helps in transmitting data between users in a predefined manner, thus helping in serving the purp ose of the network. The data is in the form of packets that travels along the network, where the routers process the data present in the packet. In numerous cases there is a pre-defined forwarding or routing table used to direct the information to the appropriate destination (Beasley 62).The main tasks of the routers include Ensures information forwarding to the needed destination Keeps track and avoids information from reaching where not needed4.1.1 CharacteristicsThe following are the characteristics of Routers The routers twin to net Protocols such as the internet Protocol, internet Control message Protocol, etc. Provides interfaces between the packet networks through the required functions Sends and receives datagrams Chooses destination for the datagram according to the routing database Provides support facilities for network management which includes status and exception reporting, debugging, etc.4.1.2 RoutingRouting is the process of sharing information by connecting netw orks and translating protocols between them. It functions at the network layer of the OSI model, acquiring addresses from the IP header of the layer to get the sources and destination. Here the Routing Protocols are used.Routers also use the routing tables to decide the destination of the packets. The routing tables include Address information Connection Priorities affair RulesRouting differs in its delivery schemes which include the following Delivery to a single inspissation (unicast) where the node is predefined. Delivery to multiple qualify nodes (multicast) Delivery to all the nodes that are infract of the network (Broadcast)